HIFU for Prostate Cancer

HIFU uses high-intensity ultrasound waves, the same type of sound energy used in imaging, but focused so tightly that they generate intense heat at a single tiny point. By concentrating energy at that focal point, the technology can destroy a precise volume of tissue deep inside the prostate without harming the tissue the waves pass through on the way. A probe inserted into the back passage sits close to the prostate and delivers the energy under image guidance. The treatment can target the whole prostate or, in selected cases, only the area containing the cancer, an approach known as focal therapy.

Under general or spinal anaesthesia, the focused ultrasound probe is placed in the back passage, close to the prostate. Using real-time imaging to map the gland and the area to be treated, the system delivers focused ultrasound pulses that heat and destroy the targeted tissue point by point until the planned area is covered. Because nothing is cut and the energy passes harmlessly through surrounding tissue, there is no surgical wound. The procedure is usually completed in a single session, and many men go home the same day or after a short stay, often with a temporary catheter for a few days.

HIFU is mainly used for prostate cancer that is at an early stage and confined to the prostate. It can be a good option for men who prefer a minimally invasive treatment, who wish to reduce the risk of side effects on urinary and sexual function, or who are not ideal candidates for major surgery. It is also used in some cases where cancer returns in the prostate after radiotherapy. Whether HIFU is suitable depends on the cancer's stage, location and characteristics, and a specialist reviews each case to decide if it is the best approach.

The main benefits are precise targeting, no surgical incision and a focus on preserving quality of life. By sparing healthy tissue, HIFU aims to lower the risk of long-term effects on urinary control and sexual function compared with more extensive treatments, though no treatment is risk-free. Recovery is generally quick, and many men return to normal activities within days. A temporary catheter is often needed for a short time, and mild urinary symptoms can occur early on. The care team arranges regular follow-up, including PSA blood tests, to monitor the result over time.